Origin of two-party government

The two-party system of political corruption was invented by an English king for the purpose of weakening Parliament. The reason for the strength that Parliament had at that time was the result of a declaration of war issued by King Charles I against Parlaiment resulting in a bloody civil war in which the king and his armies were defeated. Charles I was captured by the armies of Parliament, tried for treason, and beheaded. Parliament abolished the office of king forever, declaring England to be a free nation from that time forth. Oliver Cromwell served as head of state of England with the title of Lord Protector until his death.
Parliament had made no provision to replace Cromwell. As several attempts to find a successor met with failure, the government was falling into increasing disorder. At length a faction favoring re-instatement of the office of king gained a majority in Parliament, and a delegation was sent to France to invite Charles, the son of Charles I, to return to England and become king. Charles graciously consented.
Charles II was crowned king in 1661 and was one of the worst kings in English history, but he did perform two acts as king that affect government to this day. First, he had the eleven judges who had sentenced his father to death executed and drawn and quartered. Second, he started two-party government. Charles II was a weak king. In his search for ways to weaken Parliament's control over him, his attention was drawn to two disruptive factions in Parliament which called each other by the derisive names of Whigs and Tories. Whigs was short for Whigamores, a troublesome Scottish separatist group. Tories were a notorious band of Irish highwaymen.
Charles II announced to Parliament that he would select all of the ministers of his cabinet from the faction which held a majority in Parliament, so starting a tradition that has continued to this day, he selected all of his ministers from the Whig faction. Parliament was so weakened by this practice that it was written into English law during the reign of Queen Anne.
The Whigs quickly became so corrupt that they lost their majority in Parliament, and the Tories were elevated into power amid promises of reform and honest government. The Whigs faded into political oblivion and were replaced in Parliament by a Labor Party to oppose the Tories. By 1776 the Tory and Labor Parties had raised taxes so high that the American colonies revolted.
Political parties were not viewed with favor by the founders of the American government because they blamed political parties in England for causing the Revolutionary War. After discussion of how to form a partyless government, they decided to make no mention of political parties in the Constitution of the United States. There were no organized political parties in the United States until the election of 1800. The first voters who registered in United States government were the first independent voters in this country. This historical fact contrasts with party propaganda of today, which depicts independent voters as some kind of strange faction which does not belong in United States government.
The first two Presidents of the United States both spoke out against the formation of political parties. Their counsel was not heeded. The election of 1800 resulted in the takeover of the government by a political party. Once that happened, the United States government became a sort of mirror image of British politics and other European political ideals, and instead of focusing on governing the United States, American politicians patterned themselves after European politicians and copied what they saw European politicians doing.
The original idea of independence in America lasted about as long as England's time without a king.